Standards and reference materials are indispensable for chemical analyses, materials testing and quality control. Many analyses are comparative measurements, not absolute measurements. The measuring device only provides a relative signal, which must be calibrated to a known value. Reference materials are required for this purpose. Reference materials can be solids, liquids or gases. Standards are substances that are as similar as possible to the analysed substance but do not occur in the sample being analysed. Once the analysis is complete, the result of the internal standard is compared with the expected quantity.
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